Package 'PBIBD'

Partially Balanced Incomplete Block Designs

Description

The PBIB designs are important type of incomplete block designs having wide area of their applications for example in agricultural experiments, in plant breeding, in sample surveys etc. This package constructs various series of PBIB designs and assists in checking all the necessary conditions of PBIB designs and the association scheme on which these designs are based on. It also assists in calculating the efficiencies of PBIB designs with any number of associate classes. The package also constructs Youden-m square designs which are Row-Column designs for the two-way elimination of heterogeneity. The incomplete columns of these Youden-m square designs constitute PBIB designs. With the present functionality, the package will be of immense importance for the researchers as it will help them to construct PBIB designs, to check if their PBIB designs and association scheme satisfy various necessary conditions for the existence, to calculate the efficiencies of PBIB designs based on any association scheme and to construct Youden-m square designs for the two-way elimination of heterogeneity.

Details

The DESCRIPTION file:

Package:	PBIBD
Title:	Partially Balanced Incomplete Block Designs
Version:	1.4
Authors@R:	c( person(given = "Parneet", family = "Kaur", role = "aut", email = "[email protected]"), person(given = "Kush", family = "Sharma", role = c("aut", "cre"), email = "[email protected]"), person(given = c("Davinder", "Kumar"), family = "Garg", role = "aut", email = "[email protected]") )
Description:	The PBIB designs are important type of incomplete block designs having wide area of their applications for example in agricultural experiments, in plant breeding, in sample surveys etc. This package constructs various series of PBIB designs and assists in checking all the necessary conditions of PBIB designs and the association scheme on which these designs are based on. It also assists in calculating the efficiencies of PBIB designs with any number of associate classes. The package also constructs Youden-m square designs which are Row-Column designs for the two-way elimination of heterogeneity. The incomplete columns of these Youden-m square designs constitute PBIB designs. With the present functionality, the package will be of immense importance for the researchers as it will help them to construct PBIB designs, to check if their PBIB designs and association scheme satisfy various necessary conditions for the existence, to calculate the efficiencies of PBIB designs based on any association scheme and to construct Youden-m square designs for the two-way elimination of heterogeneity. R. C. Bose and K. R. Nair (1939) <http://www.jstor.org/stable/40383923>.
License:	GPL (>= 2)
Encoding:	UTF-8
RoxygenNote:	7.3.2
NeedsCompilation:	no
Packaged:	2025-05-18 18:47:46 UTC; ABC
Author:	Parneet Kaur [aut], Kush Sharma [aut, cre], Davinder Kumar Garg [aut]
Maintainer:	Kush Sharma <[email protected]>
Repository:	https://sharmakush.r-universe.dev
Date/Publication:	2025-05-18 19:28:29 UTC
RemoteUrl:	https://github.com/cran/PBIBD
RemoteRef:	HEAD
RemoteSha:	71b17d42fd5c881fd5c6f132f1c37d523dfecf37

Index of help topics:

apbibd                  Calculates the efficiencies of PBIB designs
                        with any number of associate classes.
circulant               This function generates circulant matrix of
                        order n.
PBIBD-package           Partially Balanced Incomplete Block Designs
series1                 This function constructs five-associate class
                        PBIB designs.
series2                 This function constructs five-associate class
                        PBIB designs
series3                 This function constructs five-associate class
                        PBIB designs
series4                 This function constructs three-associate class
                        PBIB designs.
series5                 This function constructs three-associate class
                        PBIB designs.
series6                 This function constructs three-associate class
                        PBIB designs.
verify                  Verifies all the necessary conditions for the
                        existence of PBIB designs based on any
                        association scheme.
ym1                     Constructs Youden-m square designs and provides
                        parameters of the corresponding PBIB design
ym2                     Constructs Youden-m square designs and provides
                        the parameters of the corresponding PBIB design
ym3                     Constructs Youden-m square designs and provides
                        parameters of the corresponding PBIB design

Note

This package is currently under intensive development and changes are to be expected in the near future.

Author(s)

Parneet Kaur <[email protected]>

Kush Sharma <[email protected]>

Davinder Kumar Garg <[email protected]>

Maintainer: Kush Sharma <[email protected]>

References

Dey, A. (1986). Theory of block designs.Wiley Eastern Limited, New Delhi

Garg, D.K., and Singh, G.P. (2015). General solution of normal equations in the intra-block analysis of PBIB designs with any (m>=2) number of associate classes. American Journal of Sustainable Cities and Society, 4(11), 196-202

Kaur, P. and Garg, D. K. (2016). Construction of some higher associate class PBIB designs using symmetrically repeated differences, Arya Bhatta Journal of Mathematics and Informatics, 8(2), 65-78.

Rao, C. R. (1947b). General methods of analysis for incomplete block designs, J. Amer. Statist. Assoc. 42, 541-561

Sharma, K. and Garg, D. K. (2017) Construction of Three associate PBIB designs using some sets of initial blocks. International Journal of Agricultural and Statistical Sciences (IJASS), 13(1): 55-60

Sharma, K. and Garg, D. K. (2017). m-associate PBIB designs using Youden-m Squares. Communications in Statistics-Theory and Methods, In press. DOI: 10.1080/03610926.2017.1324990

---

Calculates the efficiencies of PBIB designs with any number of associate classes.

Description

This function calculates the different kinds of efficiencies and the overall efficiency factor of Partially Balanced Incomplete Block Designs with any number of associate classes. The total number of treatments i.e. v, replications i.e. r, block size i.e. k, vector l of lambda's (lambda i being the ith element of vector l), vector n of number of associates (n i, i.e. number of ith associates, being the ith element of vector n), a list P of P-matrices of the association scheme of the design (Pi being the ith matrix of the list P) are to be supplied as input to the function.

Usage

apbibd(v, r, k, l, n, P)

Arguments

v	Total number of treatments of the design
r	Replication of the treatments in the design
k	Block size of the design
l	A vector containing lambda 1, lambda 2, lambda 3,..., lambda m as its first, second, third,..., mth elements
n	A vector containing n1, n 2, n 3, ..., n m as its first, second, third,..., mth elements
P	A list containing P-matrices of the association scheme of the design such that P1 is its first element, P2 is second element, P3 is third element,..., Pm is the mth element

Value

Returns a list with (m+1) components:

E1	Efficiency E1 of the design
E2	Efficiency E2 of the design and so on ...
Em	Efficiency Em of the design
E	Overall efficiency factor of the design

Author(s)

Kush Sharma, Davinder Kumar Garg

Examples

v<-25
r<-9
k<-9
l<-c(5,2,5,2,5)
n<-c(2,8,2,8,4)
P1<-matrix(c(0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,4,4,1,0,1,0,0,0,4,0,4,0,0,4,0,0,0),nrow=5,ncol=5)
P2<-matrix(c(0,0,0,1,1,0,0,1,3,3,0,1,0,1,0,1,3,1,3,0,1,3,0,0,0),nrow=5,ncol=5)
P3<-matrix(c(1,0,1,0,0,0,4,0,4,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,4,0,0,4,0,0,0,4,0),nrow=5,ncol=5)
P4<-matrix(c(0,1,0,1,0,1,3,1,3,0,0,1,0,0,1,1,3,0,0,3,0,0,1,3,0),nrow=5,ncol=5)
P5<-matrix(c(0,2,0,0,0,2,6,0,0,0,0,0,0,2,0,0,0,2,6,0,0,0,0,0,3),nrow=5,ncol=5)
P<-list(P1,P2,P3,P4,P5)
apbibd(v,r,k,l,n,P)

---

This function generates circulant matrix of order n.

Description

Circulant matrix, which is a special kind of Toeplitz matrix, is a square matrix of order n whose rows are obtained by cyclically rotated versions of a list “l” of length n such that the first row is obtained by cyclically rotating one element toward right the list “l” and each of the other row is the cyclically rotated one element toward the right version of the previous row. This function is used to generate a circulant matrix of order n. The order of the circulant matrix i.e. n is supplied as an argument to the function.

Usage

circulant(n)

Arguments

n	n is the order of the circulant matrix we want to generate.

Value

The function returns a circulant matrix c of order n.

Author(s)

Kush Sharma, Davinder Kumar Garg

Examples

circulant(7)

---

This function constructs five-associate class PBIB designs.

Description

Let us consider a module M of residue class mod(5) having elements 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and all the elements of M are assigned to each of the n >= 2 classes. This function constructs PBIB designs with the following parameters:

v = 5n, b = 5n, r = n+4, k = n+4

lambda 1 = 5, lambda 2 = 2, lambda 3 = 5, lambda 4 = 2, lambda 5 = n

Usage

series1(n)

Arguments

n	n is the number of classes to which the elements of Module M are assigned

Value

The function returns the required PBIB design with specified parameters

Author(s)

Parneet Kaur, Davinder Kumar Garg

Examples

series1(2)

---

This function constructs five-associate class PBIB designs

Description

Let us consider a module M of residue class mod(5) having elements 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and all the elements of M are assigned to each of the n >= 2 classes. This function constructs PBIB designs with the following parameters:

v = 5n, b = 5n, r = n+3, k = n+3

lambda 1 = 3, lambda 2 = 1, lambda 3 = 3, lambda 4 = 2, lambda 5 = n

Usage

series2(n)

Arguments

n	n is the number of classes to which the elements of Module M are assigned.

Value

The function returns the required PBIB design with specified parameters.

Author(s)

Parneet Kaur, Davinder Kumar Garg

Examples

series2(4)

---

This function constructs five-associate class PBIB designs

Description

Let us consider a module M of residue class mod(5) having elements 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and all the elements of M are assigned to each of the n >= 2 classes. This function constructs PBIB designs with the following parameters:

v = 5n, b = 5n, r = 2(n + 1), k = 2(n + 1)

lambda 1 = n + 2, lambda 2 = n + 2, lambda 3 = 3, lambda 4 = 2, lambda 5 = 2n

Usage

series3(n)

Arguments

n	n is the number of classes to which the elements of Module M are assigned

Value

The function returns the required PBIB design with specified parameters

Author(s)

Parneet Kaur, Davinder Kumar Garg

Examples

series3(5)

---

This function constructs three-associate class PBIB designs.

Description

Let us consider a module M having m elements. To each element of the module, there corresponds n distinct classes, where m >= 5 and n >= 2. With these v = mn treatments following are parameters of the three-associate class PBIB design:

v = mn, b = mn, r = (m+n-1), k = (m+n-1)

lambda 1 = m, lambda 2 = 2, lambda 3 = n

Usage

series4(m, n)

Arguments

m	Size of the module M.
n	n is the number of classes to which the elements of Module M are assigned.

Value

This function returns the required three-associate class PBIB design.

Author(s)

Parneet Kaur, Davinder Kumar Garg

Examples

series4(5,2)

---

This function constructs three-associate class PBIB designs.

Description

Consider a module M having m elements and there are n classes corresponding to each element of the module. Thus, we have a total of v = mn treatments (m is odd prime). For these v = mn treatments following are the parameters of the three-associate class PBIB design:

v = mn, b = mn, r = (m+n-2), k = (m+n-2)

lambda 1 = m-2, lambda 2 = 2, lambda 3 = n-2

Usage

series5(m, n)

Arguments

m	Size of Module M.
n	n is the number of classes to which the elements of Module M are assigned.

Value

The function returns the required three-associate class PBIB design with the parameters specified in the description.

Author(s)

Kush Sharma, Davinder Kumar Garg

Examples

series5(5,3)

---

This function constructs three-associate class PBIB designs.

Description

Consider a module M having m elements and there are n classes corresponding to each element of the module. Thus, we have a total of v = mn treatments (m is odd prime). For these v = mn treatments following are the parameters of the three-associate class PBIB design:

v = mn, b = m, r = (m-1), k = (m-1)n

lambda 1 = m-2, lambda 2 = m-2, lambda 3 = m-1

Usage

series6(m, n)

Arguments

m	Size of Module M.
n	n is the number of classes to which the elements of Module M are assigned.

Value

The function returns the required three-associate class PBIB design with the parameters specified in the description.

Author(s)

Kush Sharma, Davinder Kumar Garg

Examples

series6(5,3)

---

Verifies all the necessary conditions for the existence of PBIB designs based on any association scheme.

Description

There exists various necessary conditions for the existence of the PBIB design as well as the association scheme on which the PBIB design is based. This function Verifies all those necessary conditions for the existence of PBIB designs based on any association scheme. The total number of treatments i.e. v, the total number of blocks i.e. b, replications i.e. r, block size i.e. k, vector l of lambda's (lambda i being the ith element of vector l), vector n of number of associates (n i, i.e. number of ith associates, being the ith element of vector n), a list P of P-matrices of the association scheme of the design (Pi being the ith matrix of the list P) are to be supplied as input to the function.

Usage

verify(v, b, r, k, l, n, P)

Arguments

v	Total number of treatments of the design
b	Total number of blocks in the design
r	Replication of the treatments in the design
k	Block size of the design
l	A vector containing lambda 1, lambda 2, lambda 3,..., lambda m as its first, second, third,..., mth elements
n	A vector containing n 1, n 2, n 3, ..., n m as its first, second, third,..., mth elements
P	A list containing P-matrices of the association scheme of the design such that P1 is its first element, P2 is second element, P3 is third element,..., Pm is the mth element

Value

The function tells if all the necesary conditions for the existence of PBIB design based on some association scheme hold. If not, it highlights all the conditions which do not hold.

Author(s)

Kush Sharma, Davinder Kumar Garg

Examples

v<-12
b<-12
r<-5
k<-5
l<-c(1,2,2)
n<-c(2,3,6)
P1<-matrix(c(1,0,0,0,0,3,0,3,3),nrow=3,ncol=3)
P2<-matrix(c(0,0,2,0,2,0,2,0,4),nrow=3,ncol=3)
P3<-matrix(c(0,1,1,1,0,2,1,2,2),nrow=3,ncol=3)
P<-list(P1,P2,P3)
verify(v,b,r,k,l,n,P)

---

Constructs Youden-m square designs and provides parameters of the corresponding PBIB design

Description

If the same number of rows, say $t$, are omitted from the top and bottom of a Circulant matrix such that at least two rows remain, the resulting arrangement forms a Youden-m square.

(A) For even-ordered Circulant matrices (order $v \geq 4$ and even), the columns of the resulting Youden-m square constitute a PBIB design with parameters:

• $b = v$, $r = k = v - 2t$

• $\lambda_1 = v - 2(t + 1)$

• $\lambda_{m - i} = v - 2t - 1 - 2i$, for $i = 0, 1, \ldots, t - 1$

• $\lambda_t = \lambda_{t+1} = \ldots = \lambda_{m - t} = v - 4t$

• If $t \geq 3$, then $\lambda_i = v - 2(t + i)$ for $i = 2, 3, \ldots, t - 1$

(B) For odd-ordered Circulant matrices (order $v \geq 5$ and odd), the columns of the resulting Youden-m square constitute a PBIB design with parameters:

• $b = v$, $r = k = v - 2t$

• $\lambda_1 = v - 2t - 1$

• $\lambda_{m - i} = v - 2(t + 1) - i$, for $i = 0, 1, \ldots, t - 1$

• $\lambda_{m - (t - 1) - i} = \lambda_{m - (t - 1)} - i$, for $i = 0, 1, \ldots, t - 1$

• $\lambda_2 = \lambda_3 = \ldots = \lambda_{m - 2t + 1} = \lambda_{m - 2t + 2}$

Usage

ym1(n, t)

Arguments

n	Order of the circulant matrix, which is also the number of treatments.
t	Number of rows to omit from both the top and bottom of the circulant matrix.

Value

The function returns the Youden-m square design and the parameters of the PBIB design formed by taking its incomplete columns as blocks.

Author(s)

Kush Sharma, Davinder Kumar Garg

Examples

ym1(6, 1)

---

Constructs Youden-m square designs and provides the parameters of the corresponding PBIB design

Description

By omitting the middle $2t$ rows (where $t = 1, 2, \ldots$) from any even-ordered Circulant matrix with order $v \geq 6$, and considering only those rows that lie either above or below the omitted $2t$ rows, the resulting arrangement gives a new type of Youden-m square.

The columns of these Youden-m squares constitute $m$-associate class PBIB designs, with the following parameters:

• $v \geq 6$ and even, $b = v$, $r = k = \frac{v}{2} - t$

• $\lambda_1 = r - 2$, $\lambda_m = \lambda_1 + 1$

• If $m$ is even, then:

  • $\lambda_{i+1} = \lambda_i - 2$ for $i = 1, 2, \ldots, \frac{m}{2}$

  • $\lambda_{i-1} = \lambda_i - 2$ for $i = m, m-1, \ldots, \frac{m}{2} + 1$

• If $m$ is odd, then:

  • $\lambda_{i+1} = \lambda_i - 2$ for $i = 1, 2, \ldots, \frac{m+1}{2}$

  • $\lambda_{i-1} = \lambda_i - 2$ for $i = m, m-1, \ldots, \left(\frac{m+1}{2}\right) + 1$

Usage

ym2(n, t)

Arguments

n	n is the order of the circulant matrix, which is also the number of treatments
t	t is the number of rows to omit from the middle of the circulant matrix (i.e., $2t$ rows will be omitted)

Value

The function returns the required Youden-m square design and the parameters of the PBIB design constituted by taking the incomplete columns of the Youden-m square as blocks.

Author(s)

Kush Sharma, Davinder Kumar Garg

Examples

ym2(8, 1)

---

Constructs Youden-m square designs and provides parameters of the corresponding PBIB design

Description

This function constructs a Youden-m square by omitting the middle row and an equal number of rows $t$ from both ends of an odd-ordered Circulant matrix of order $v \geq 7$. The rows retained lie between the middle omitted row and the omitted rows from the top or bottom. This arrangement yields a Youden-m square suitable for two-way elimination of heterogeneity.

The columns of this Youden-m square constitute a PBIB design with the following parameters:

• $v \geq 7$ and odd

• $b = v$, $r = k = \left( \frac{v + 1}{2} \right) - 1 - t$

• $\lambda_1 = v - 6 - (m - 4 + t)$

• $\lambda_i = 0$ for $i = 2, 3, \ldots, t + 2$

• If $m > 3$, then $\lambda_j = \lambda_{j - 1} + 1$ for $j = t + 3, t + 4, \ldots, m$

Usage

ym3(n, t)

Arguments

n	Order of the circulant matrix, which is also the number of treatments.
t	Number of rows to omit from both ends of the circulant matrix.

Value

The function returns the constructed Youden-m square design and the parameters of the PBIB design obtained by treating the incomplete columns of the square as blocks.

Author(s)

Kush Sharma, Davinder Kumar Garg

Examples

ym3(7, 1)

---